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Description
Thymosins are small proteins found in many animal tissues. They are named so because they were originally isolated from the thymus, but most of them are now known to be present in many other tissues. Thymosins have a variety of biological activities, and two thymosins α1 and β4 in particular, have potentially important medical applications, some of which are already being used in clinics rather than laboratories.
TB-500 is a short peptide or fragment of the naturally occurring hormone Thymosin Beta 4. TB-500 is not Thymosin Beta 4, although it is often sold under that name. In the body, Thymosin Beta 4 is released by the thymus, a gland that is most prominent in children, atrophies in adulthood, and is virtually absent in the elderly. It is also produced locally in various cells, and in particular, is found in wound discharge, as well as in a fairly high concentration in the cypotlasm of some cells. Various studies have found that Thymosin Beta 4 can promote various forms of wound healing by promoting stem cell differentiation as well as reducing inflammation.
The peptide sequence of TB-500 matches the active region of Thymosin Beta 4 and shares many and possibly all of the properties of Thymosin Beta 4 while being more economical to manufacture. TB-500 can be used to promote healing, increase range of motion in the event of a injury, or reduce pain in an injury by reducing inflammation. Currently, TB-500 is of the most interest to athletes and bodybuilders who see it as a way to get faster post-workout recovery. In addition, it is usually considered as an aid in the treatment of sports injuries and as a kind of protection against injuries.
Mechanism of action
Among the thymosis, the Thymosin Beta 4 peptide is considered the most abundant, best studied and probably the most biologically active member of the beta thymosin family. Due to the fact that the Thymosin Beta 4 molecule is an actin-binding peptide, it regulates actin polymerization, and as a result, regulates cell migration, which is important for the process of angiogenesis, regeneration of damaged tissues. It has been repeatedly shown in various cellular models and at the level of the body that the Thymosin Beta 4 molecule has unique cardiprotective properties, takes part in stimulating angiogenesis under conditions of ischemia of the heart muscle, blocks proapoptotic cascades in cardiomyocytes and, conversely activates intracellular signaling pathways responsible for survival cells under stress. The regenerative potential of the Thymosin Beta 4 molecule is being actively studied in other areas of medicine.
The activity of this molecule is manifested in the treatment of trophic ulcers, wounds and burns of the human cornea. Due to its anti-inflammatory properties, Tr4 has established itself as an active ingredient in preparations for the treatment of signs of skin inflammation- chronic dermatitis. Thymosin Beta 4 also activates the formation and growth of blood vessels (angiogenesis), effects the differentiation of stem cells.
With such a wide range of potentially beneficial activities, it is not surprising that Thymosin Beta 4 is attracting close attention from both drug developers and commercial structures working in the field of cosmetic chemistry, since anti-inflammatory effects, accelerated wound healing and tissue regeneration are key in the restoration of various muscles, including cardiac and anti-aging approaches for example, to stimulate hair growth. Currently the ClinicalTrials.gov database contains 11 Thymosin Beta 4 phase 1-3 clinical trials, of which 6 have been completed.
Injury healing
Thymosin Beta 4 plays a vital role in the repair and regeneration of damaged cells and tissues. Following injury, Thymosin Beta 4 is released by platelets, macrophages and many other cell types to protect cells and tissues from further damage and reduce apopotosis, inflammation and microbial growth. Thymosin Beta 4 binds to actin and promotes cell migration, including the mobilization, migration and differentiation of stem/progenitor cells that form new blood vessels and regenerate tissue. Thymosin Beta 4 also reduces the number of myofibroblasts in wounds, resulting in reduced scarring and fibrosis.
TB-500 supports the treatment of muscle, tendon and ligament injuries. Accelerates healing and reduces the intensity of inflammation. The TB-500 may be recommended in cases of acute injury where, in experience, recovery may otherwise be slow, or in cases of chronic injury where recovery simply does not occur. Types of injury for which this drug may be used include tendinitis and muscle tears or spains, as well as various types of muscle and connective tissue injuries, as well as skin lesions. In addition, it reduces the risk of pathological adhesions and interstitial adhesions, which can interfere with tissue mobility. No less often this peptide is used for protective purposes. It has a positive effect on muscle tension, helps maintain sufficient flexibility in tendons and ligaments, and therefore may help reduce the risk of injury. TB-500 can significantly speed up the healing of supe